Plato describes the four cardinal virtues in The Republic to be:[1]
* Wisdom (calculative) - see the whole
* Courage (spirited) - preserve the whole
* Moderation (appetitive) - serve the whole
* Justice (founding/preserving virtue) - "mind your own business" ie "tend to your soul"/"know yourself"
Plato defines how an individual can attain these virtues: Wisdom comes from exercising reason; Courage from exercising emotions or spirit; Moderation (sometimes "temperance") from allowing reason to overrule desires; and from these Justice ensues, a state in which all elements of the mind are in concord with one another.[2]
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